Nuances in the Operation of the Ukrainian 2S1 Bohdana Self-Propelled Howitzer: Improvements and Ammunition Used Against russians
The Ukrainian Defense Forces should already have a significant number of 2S22 Bohdana self-propelled howitzers in their arsenal, with production rates increased to at least 10 units per month, or 120 per year. Recently, it became known that Ukrainian military received another 18 units of these howitzers, which Denmark ordered for the Ukrainian army.
Regarding the nuances in the operation of this machine, soldiers of the 45th Separate Artillery Brigade, which is equipped with the Bohdana, shared insights in a report by Army TV.
“In terms of technical aspects, I can say it’s excellent [on the Phoenix 8×8 chassis], but in terms of artillery, there are some nuances that need to be improved,” said the commander of the crew, Andriy.
He emphasizes that the manufacturer maintains contact with the military personnel who use the Bohdana on the battlefield and conducts consultations to enhance its effectiveness. It is noted that the machine shown in the video was manufactured in 2023.
Currently, their Bohdana howitzer fires an average of 40 to 60 rounds per day. It is reported that the vehicle can also fire precision-guided munitions, such as Excalibur. Additionally, as noted by the SPZh Vodohrai, the video featured 155 mm munitions SgR M/77 produced in Sweden, as well as the ÖF ZONAR 75B radio detonator.
The military personnel note that targeting adjustments occur manually—despite the presence of a computerized automatic targeting system—ensuring maximum accuracy for each shot.
The report directly mentions that the Bohdana howitzer has often been criticized for the lack of automation in loading. However, the loader on this machine was first showcased in November of last year. Nevertheless, the report states that, specifically in the case shown in the video, the military does not use it due to a simple reason: the gun emplacements built to protect the vehicle prevent the use of the loader.
However, as the soldier notes in the video, loading the Bohdana manually appears extremely difficult “in the picture,” while in practice, it is not such a complicated task. Of course, for obvious reasons, they still prefer to use the loader when possible.
Regarding the chassis, there are no issues; the soldiers highlight the convenient large camera, which captures good quality footage at night, making it easier to enter the position. Another advantage is the armored cabin, which protects against shrapnel.